gilliard



E. T. GILLIARD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION mu) JAN. 24. I919.

1,396,418. Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

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IN V EN TOR.

E. T. GILLIARD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1919.

1,396,41 8. Patented NOV. 8, 1921.

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15 E3 a. L19

WITNESIS' INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYJ N E. T. GILLIARD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, I919.

h a j I r. Mann HUM. IHMAHE .H u NH HHHMJ m Ww INVENTOR.

J a F 6 SHEETS-SHHIT 5.

Ill Illlllll llll IIIII Ill-Ill- 3/ u x /II! WITNESS.-

E. T. GILLIARD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION mm 1104.24. 1919.

1,396,418, Patenwd Nov. 8, 1921.

V G SHEETS-SHEET G. d 4

1 7 Q I! I L; 5' 5b 771 s b I I 7 5e h WITNESS:

INVHV TOR.

A TTORNEY" a down stroke.

the base. These three points are so positioned as to give a three-point bearing to the base on the foundation or su port upon which such base is mounted. the base is mounted upon a tion 1 and secured thereto by bolts and nuts, indicated at 1 and 1". This threepoint bearing prevents. distortion of: the alineinent of bearings and facilitates setting up the apparatus truly upon its-foundation or support. 2 w p 'Bolted upon the base ladjaoent the bearings 1.is a crankcaseQ, which is provided with bearings 21 and 22 for=a crankshaft-3, shown as having a single crank 3 connected by a-pitman 13with a-=piston 1 within a cylinder 4, formed within a casting 4 that is-mountedupon and rigidly bolted to the top of the crankcase 2.

The cylinder 4 is closed attop and open at bottom; and the engine is preferably a four cycle engine and tliefpower stroke is The lower end of the cylinderzopens into the interionof the crank case through an opening in: 'the='top' thereof,

and saidcase should be so constructedas air and oil tight; and

to be substantially npon'the downstroke' of theipistonthe air beneath the piston and w'ithin the crank case is compressed, and onthe upstroke of the piston the air Within the erank case will rarefied. P 3'1 I'do' not herein claim the particular'const-ruction of the crankcase and means of mounting the crank shaft and connected parts 'therein, indicated in the drawings, as thesefonn the subject matter of a compa'nion application, Serial'Number 272,872. The upper end of the cylinder 4 is closed and the space in the cylinder above the piston forms an explosion chamber 4 with the top of which communicates an inlet port 4 and an outletport 4, which ports are formed by suitableducts in the casting 4 and both open at the front side thereof, see Figs. 5 and 6.

These ports are respectively closed by valves 5 and 6 the stems of which extend through bores in the upper end of the casting 4 and project above the top thereof as indicated in Fig. 2. l

A spring 5, interposed between a collar 5" on the upper end of the stem of valve 5 and the top of the casting 4, normally holds the valve 5 closed. Similarly a spring 6, interposed between a collar:6 on the upper end of the stem of valve 6 and the top of the casting 4, normally holds the valve 6 closed.

The valve 5 is adapted to be opened by means of a rocking lever 5 which is pivoted on a pin fi 'mounted in a'bracket 5 attached to the top of the casting 4; one end of lever 5 engages'the stem of valve 5 and its other endis adapted to be engaged by a push rod 5, which is guided in openings in the referablyconcrete founda-., to the cylinder 4 .rod- 5?. is. lifted at the proper 3 moving bracket 5 and in a lug 4 formed on the inner wall of the casting 4 exterior to the water jacket thereof and within a vertical passage 4?,fqrmed in the casting 4 exterior and in rear thereof. The times by means of a plunger 5' to cause lever 5 to open the valve '5. Plun'gerbt is guided in a bore in the base of the casting 4, atthe lower end of the chamber '4, andjis engaged by a cam 1? on acam shaft'lf mounted in the crank case. Q J V 'Siinilarly the valve may be opened at the desired' times bylmeansof a rock lever=6 pivotedjon the-' casting fi and having its rearie'nd engaged by a push rod 6, thelower end of which engages a plun'ger'fi' which is a'ct'uated'by a cam 17 on the cam shaft 17, The exhaust gases escape through port 4 to an outlet' tube6'-attached tojthe casting 4,

anti which may be *conneoted to a pipe toconduct the exhaust gases :to any desired point' of discharge. h

:Thecam shaft'li is journaled in the crank c'ase atone side of the c'am' shaft 3- and below the 'plua'gers 5*;6; and said oam shaft may be driven*'fro1iti ,the crank "shaft 3, by vmeans of a g e'ar 17*'en';shat 17' meshing with a inion 3 on the shaft 3; said gears are with 1n the crankcase ai'i'd are soproportioned as to causethecamshiift 'l'i to rotate in proper timed relation with the shaft 3; and the cams 17","17 are so disposedas to open and release the valves 5 and 6 alternately at the proper time'sf Preferably' the said valves open inwardly and are positively opened by theca'm's and push-*rodsg'and are automatically ltisedby-the springs and the pressure of the gase'sWhen the cams permitl Theupper part of the cylinder 4 is surrounded by a' water jacket 4'= which also extends'arou'nd the stems of the valves 5 and 6; this jacket is formed by coring the casting 4. The chamber 4 is in rear and exterior to thiswater jacket, see Fig. 3, so that the valveoperating parts are protected by the water jacket "from the heat in the explosion chamber 4". The passage 4 communicates at bottom with the interior of the crank case 2 so that the air pulsating in the crank case under the 'actionof the piston'13 also pulsates through this passsage 4 into the interior of a cap or head 4 'fitted onto the upper end of the casting 4, and'rigidly secured thereto by stud bolts 40, or other suitablev means. This cap incloses the upper ends of the valve stems, rocking levers 5, 6, and the upper ends of the rods 5?, 6. The interior of this ca communicates directly with the interior -0 the upper end of the passage 4; and the interiors of the crank case, the passage 4, and the cap, virtually form one continuous air chamber. The admission of air to or from' this air chamber is controlled by plug 8Zwhich a plugd screwedinto an openingiathe top of the cap 4' and prov idedwith a small air inlet'aperture 4:? throughwhich. air. is admitted, intothe. interion-ot the cap, and

: thence to the. carbureter as hereinafter 1 explaineda- 5E {The cap a? ia -provided withan aperture- 47. preferably at 1 the end farthest removed from the passage egand this communicates means of a pipe 7 withthe carhureter 'ir-z ichi-ia provided; wi h uita le r g ing ya1ve. 7'f,,- fuel inlet i713, and;-.an'-.-outlet membernffh, vv hichronducts-thef fneh to the n t .Q. ';fi=-ui Q e rburc .=.-Pe emb y provi edir ithwan auxiliary riinlfi i di the. construetiomis such that on :the proper: down. stroke of, the} lpistoni 13 air- -is' drawn from within cap 4 to andhthrough the carbureter and into the explosion- :chamber as hereinaften; explained and 1 :it; n'th tz his c ates lsuctisin ,r eficas' tion of the ;air". within the. air; hamber? in, e cam-fi sti g, and crank 'icasegmd h ls: v; r'E enf I z e maiyibe fkerosene'qor gases lene-and can be-sconvenientlysupplied from; a tank7flsupported in suitableabrackets 7:9, on the crankcase andmprovided with the! usual filling-deviceshndindicatorw The fuel is drawn from'ithis-tankby;:suctioncaused by. the descent pf. the-piston tin the cylinder; '-;on ?:its intake "stroke;-.zmnd=i;the amount offuel admitted into ,the-carbm' reter is regulable by' the valve 7". i 5 The carbureter takes itsair from the interior of said capthrough pipe 7. Fresh air isintroduced intothe cap-through the opening 4? in the plug; -The size of the hole 4 in lug 4 is of such caliber that'the up stro e of the piston 13 will cause a partial vacuum or suction in the crank casev and air chamber; which, as stated above, is coniposed of the combined spaces of 'the interior of the crankcase, the channel 4, and the cylinder header cap 4'.

The production of a certain degree of vacuum or suction, in' the crank' cases of singleacting internal combustion engines is esirable as this will prevent oil escaping or leaking out of the crank case at the crank shaft'bearings. l I r: -'The'.vacuum or suction in the .cylinder caused by the piston on its intake'stroke is utilized to draw the fuel into the carbureter,

uantity of outside air into the cap through t e perforated plug to supply the demands of-the .carbureter I do not herein'claim' theparticular construction of the carbureter. as that will form the subject matter :of a companion'application,- Serial Number272,873.

The engine *may' be provided with any suitabledevices for igniting the fuel at the proper time. As shown I provide a spark is connected inthe usual manand this suction also draws a small ner to'a battery Band controlled by an ignition timer 8 of any suitable -construction, which as shown-may 'be'convenien'tly mounted in-brackets-cnthe crank case opppsite the-end. ofthe cam shaft 17 and operatively connected ,withsaid shaft so as to be rotated thereby. Ido notherein claim theignition-,tiiner, battery, nd spark plug p'er se,as-suchdevices ,areswell known and m beioi-anv-fsfiit bl -fkinddi 5;; he crank caSe'is also usedas an oil reservoir and is supplied;with.oil,..indicated at-O, which can-ibe 1ntroduced thereinto by re moving the plug-A and pouring oil into-the cap=4H,,,tl1e .oil;-passing- 1 down;- through the pas age i4 nto thecrank easez The amount of oil in the determined b a )visual: indicatorzwhich consjstsvofarogl 16 d'ependingiintojthe crank casesnnd. connected withl-a small float thereingtheouten end of the rod being protected ivraj qufiii g 1 attac d. to th WP of the cran -nasalaszshowmw w?" 1 B- harise s lfis-isr d =01 t lower endgwith ia} ngemBWand-couater balances 13?, ,and these tend toasplash the oil inthe crank. .caseandcauseit. to thoroughly lubricate.-the bearings ,of'the shafts and all mov- 1 ordemto facilitate-starting engine I provide suitable devices for holding open the valves-G tereleasewmpression. ..'The device-shown comprises a pin 19 located directly above the lever 6 and extending through anopening inthe cap 4 and in a bracket 19? attached' to-the cap. The pin 19 is normally upheld. by a spring 19 inter-- posed between; its head and the base of the bracket, "the headof thepin bearing against a cam 19 pivoted in thebracket '19 above the pin 19, and provided with a handle 19 by which itcan be readily turned. When the handle is moved in one position the pin 19 is raised; and held out of position to engage the arm 6 by the spring 19", and does not interfere ,with the operation of the valve 6. When it is desired to release or prevent compression in the cylinder the cam '19 is turnedso as to depress the pin causing it to engage the lever 6 and-depress the stem of valve 6, holding such valve open 'and preventing compression of'gases in the cylinder on the up stroke'of the piston. 9

- The fluid in the. water jacket 4; circulates through the jacket and passes out through an opening 4? in the upper part of the casting 4 into the inlet chamber 9 ofa radiator 9, which may, be of -any suitable construction, but. is greferbaly constructed as indicated in the rawin' After. passing through the cooling tubes of the radiator the fluid reenters the return chamber 9" thereof and passes back into the lower part of the water jacket through a passage 4 in the casting, the indicated in Fig. 2. .1 This radiator is not claimed per se hereinbeing described and shown in my companion application, Serial Number 272,874. The radiator may be provided with a fan 9 that can be driven by a belt 9 from a member 10 that connects the shaft 3 with the shaft .11 of the motor generator 1 1. The'motor generator ll'may be of any suitable construction, but is preferably provided with compound windings for use as a motor in starting the engine; "and with shunt w-h'idings Eor 1 use as a' "generator when driven byithe engine to generate, current for charging storage batteries or generating di-- elted to light machinery to operate same?" "Supported upon' andabove'the'motor is shown a plate 30 carryingaii' ignition fuse 15 also a bi pole switch IQ contrOIlingthe electrical connection'between the motor-gem erator and the storage battery. (No't shownJ' -Also an ampere hour meter 13 which indicates the condition 'of the "storage batteryand is preferably' constructed so that it will'automatically cutout the ignition circuit when the battery is fully charged. Also a-controller '14 which is arranged to' automatically connect the generator to the storage battery when the engine reaches normal speed of operation, and to automatically disconnect them when the engine stops; This controller is provided with a push 'button 14"which when pushed in closesa circuit from the battery to the motor-generator compound windings so that the motor generator acts as a motor and starts the engine in operation. Suitable electrical connections are made between the several-electrical portions of the apparatus, but as these portions and connections are not features of the present invention they are not shown-nor described in detail.

I do not herein claim an of the foregoing electrical parts per 86, ut merely refer thereto and have indicatedsame in the draw- I ing, as these, together with the novel engine,

when arranged as indicated in the drawings, make up'acomplete small unitary compact easily transported internal combustion engine operated electric generating apparatus,

which has many-practical advantages and is capable of varied uses, being especiallydesigned for producing light for individual houses on farms and elsewhere,Iwhere:the'

' valve-actuatingrodss 1 usualcommercial power stations and electric current are not available.

It will be seen that the up and down motion of piston 13 in the cylinder creates 'avariation of pressure in the crank cas' '2, which will carry some of the lubricant, splashed in'the case by the crank and'pin 13 thereon,-'-'through thefpas'sage 4" into the upper part Ofjthe engine case or cap 4'. -'--VVhatIdflaim isa '1. Inandnter'nal combustion'engine having a closed crank case, a cylinder communicating with said case ha'ving inlet and outlet ports opposite the case; an airchamber 'to inclose the valve operating levers, and an'air' passage directlyconimuni ca ting with and connecting'the interior of the crank case and said air chamber;

" 2. 'A cylinder-castingior ei'rplosive fien giiies', having a bore=forming acylinderppen atone end' inlet"andoutlet ports communicatingzwit the closed end- 0'1 the' cyli'nder, and a longitudinal air passage'extending en tirely through-the casting exterior to and beside the' cylinder'and -adapted to foim pfllt 6f the air space of the crank case' a'nd'to house-the valve actuatingrods;

A cylinder casting "for explosive =engines; having a bore forming the cylinder openiat one end, inlet andputlet ports com municating with*--the"rc1osed end "of the cyl'- inder; a"Water :jacket surrourrding the 'explosion chamber end of the cylinder and having inlet and outlet ports, and a longitudinal air passage extending through the casting and beside .thdwater jacket and cylinder and adapted to form part of the air space of the'cranlrcase and tohouse the valve ac t'uating'rods. a. A cylinder casting for explosive e11- gines, 2having'.-a'- bore forming the: cylinder open at oneend, inlet and outlet ports communicating with the closed end of the cylin-' der'and opening through one side of the casting, a water jacket surrounding the explosion chamber end ofvthe cylinder and aving inlet and outlet -ports opening through another side of the casting; and a longitudinal air passage extendin through the casting and beside the water acket and cylinder and adapted to form part of the air space- 0f the crank case and 5. A cyl'nder casting forexplosive "engines, having a bore formin :the cylinder open atone end, inlet and'out et ports communicating with the closed end ofthe cylinder andopening through oneside of the casting, bores-for the stems of the valves of such ports, a water jacketasurrounding the explosion chamber. F'e'n dn'of the cylinder and thevalve stem bores and ports and having inlet and outlet ports in another side-of the casting, and a longitudinal air passe opening' entirely through: the castingan beside to house the a the water jacket and cylinder and adapted to form part of the air space of the crank case, and to house the valve-actuating rods. v 6. In an internal combustion engine hav ing a, closed crank case; a cylinder communicating wi-th said case having inlet and outlet portsoppjojsite the case, an air chamber inclosing the valve operating levers and an air passage directly; communicating with and connecting the interior of the crank case and saidair'chamber; with: a .crank shaft in the case,.a,piston in the-cylinder connected with said crank shaft; valves for said ports, valve operatingilevers mounted on said cylinder, valveg'actuatingdevices extending from said chamber through said passage into the crank case, and means inthe crank case for actuat- Hi; I M Lin an, internal combustioniengine having afsubstantially air tightcrank case; a crank ,shaft-mountedtherein; a casting connected ,,with said casevhaving a cylinder opening at oneend'into said case, inlet and outlet portsin itsother end, and an air pas-' sage at one side of the cylinder communicatin at one end with said crank case; and a ho ow caprovering' the outer end of-the casting, theinterior of the cap communicat-,

ing -withthejouter end of said passageand the ,inter orsof the crank case, cap and pas- Sage forming a continuous air space, where- 1 bytthe'yalve operating mechanismislubricatedgby the splash of oil in the case.

1 8,. *In an internal' combustion engine, having a substantially-air tight crank case, and a :crank shaft mounted therein; a casting connected with said caseflhaving a cylinder opening atone end into said case, inlet and outlet ports in its other end, and an air passage atone side of the cylinder communicating at one end with said crank case; and a hollow cap covering the outer end of the casting, the interior of the cap communicating with the outer end of said passage; with a piston in the cylinder, apiston rod connecting the piston with the crank shaft; valves closing said ports, valve operating devices in said'cap, valve actuating rods engaging said operating devices and extendin throughsaid passage to the crank case; an

cams on said cam shaft for operating said rods. 4 I 9. In an engine, the combination of a substantially air tight crank case, a crank shaft and cam shaft mounted therein; gearing in said case between said shafts, a casting connected with said case .having a cylinder opening at one end intosaid case, and provided with inlet and outlet ports at its outer end, and an air passage at oneside of the cylinder communicating at one end with said crank case; a hollow cap covering the outer endof the casting, the interior of the cap communicating with the outer end of said passage; the interiors of the crank case, cap

ing said rods.-

- 10.- In; an internal combustion-engine, a

substantiallyrair tightcrank case; .a casting connected withsaid case having a cylinder opening at oneend into said case, and an air passage at one side of the cylinder, and a hollow; cap covering the outer end of the casting the interiors? ofi thercrank case and cap iandapassage forming aco'nti'nuous air space and permittingulubrication lof' the valve operating mechanisms by the splash of oil in the case; ahda piston in the cylinder; withacarbureter exteriorsto the cylinder, means forconducting air from the interior of said cap to thecarbureter upon the intake stroke. of thdpiston, means fordirecting the mixture from said-'carbureter-to-the inlet port of the engine, and means 'oontrolling the entry. of air into said cap. 9 all. In arr-internal combustion engine having a closed crank case, acylinder communicating with saidcase having; inlet and outlet ports andlvalve operating levers mounted on the cylindenea-ihollowcap attached to= said cylinder and inclosing said valve operating levers, an air'passage atone side of the cylinder, the interiors of the cap passage and crank case forming a continuous -air-chamher; a crank shaft in the case, apiston 'in the cylinder connected with said crank shaft; valve actuating devices extending fromsaid cap through said passage into the crank case, and means for operating saidvalve actuating devices; with a carbureter exterior to the cylinder, means for conducting air from the interior of said cap to the carbureterupon the'int'ake stroke of the piston, means for directing the mixture from said carbureter to the inlet port of the'engine, and a perforated plug in the cap'for permitting a small quantity of air to enter 1t, substantially as described. r a

12. In an internal combustion engine having a closed crank case; a cylinder communi eating with saidcase having inlet and outlet ports opposite the case, an air chamber in closing the valve operating levers, and an air passage directly communicating with and connecting the interior of the crank case and said air chamber; a crank shaft in the case, a piston in the cylinder connectedwith said crank shaft; valves for said ports, valve operatin levers mounted on said cylinder, valve actuating devices extending from saidchamber through said passage into the crank case, and means in the crank case for actuating said cam rods; with a carbureter exterior to the a cylinder, means for conducting air from the interior of said chamber to the carbureter, means for directing the mixture from said carbureter to the inlet port of the engine upon the intake stroke of the piston, and-means for. permitting a small quantity of air to enter said air chamber. r

13. an internal combustion engine, having a substantially air tight crankcase, and

a crank shafitamounted therein Y; a;- casting.

connected .with :said a case having a cylinder opening at one: end into isaid base, inlet and outlet ports-in its'other end, :and an air 'pas sagerat oneside of the cylinder-communicating at one z-end: Nvith 'saidz crank case; and a hollow .;cap covering -.the=:outeri end of the casting-,- the interioniofithe cacommunicating with the outer =end :of sail x'pas'sage with a piston in the cylinders a pistonerodi'connecting-nthe' piston swiitlr ther'crankishaf-t; valves closing said p0rts,:valve:operating 'de vices in said capggvalve :actuating 1 rods en gaging saidoperatingadevices'and extending through s'aidrpassagetto the crank caseaams on xsaid: cam; shaft ior operatingsaidi rods a carbureterexteriorto the cylinder, means for conducting a'ur-wfrorh 'the: interior 0e said chamberto the 'carbureten means' for: directing the mixture from said carbureter-T'to the inletrport ,cfathefengine upon the intake stroke :ofthe 'piston,=.:and means forpermit-j ting asmall quantity ofrairitoienter. said air chambera E1? n; a L 14.111 'langi'nternal com ustion engme a closed -crank case ;a.-al-castingwhavingi a cylinder communicating i with: said case having inlet and outletuporis ind-ts upperend 0pposite the case,-said cylinder having an air passage at one siderdirectlycommunicating with and connecting :the interiors of the crank case and cap; acrank shaft in the case, a piston-in the-cylinderconnected with said crank case valves :for. said ports; valve opcrating. levers mounted on said end'of the cylinder; a hollow eap attached to saidicylin der end and inclosing the valve operating levers; valve. actuating; 'devices extending from .saidcap' through said passage into the crankcase; andmeans in the crank case for operating said valve actuating devices; with a carburetor exterior'to thecylinder, means for conducting air from the interior of said cap to ithe carbureter,imeansfor directing the mixture from said *carbureter to the inlet port of'the engine uponrthe intake stroke of the piston, and a perforated plug in said cap for permitting a sm'allquantity of fresh air to enter therein. 4'

15. In an engine, the combination of a; closed crank case, :a crank shaft and cam shaft mounted therein :gearing in said Ease between :said shaftsg a casting connected with said=case having a cylinder opening at 'valves closing said ports,

one end into said case, and provided with inlet and outlet ports at its outer end, and an air passage at one side of the cylinder communicating at one end with said crank case; a hollow cap covering the outer end of the casting, the interior of the cap communicating with the outer end of said passage; a piston in the cylinder, a piston rod connecting the piston with thd'crank-shaft;

levers pivota mounted in saidcap, valve aictuatingrods engaging said leversand-extending through'said passage to the crank case, and cams on said cam shaft for operating said rods; with a carbureter exterior to the casting, means for conducting air from the interior of said cap to the -carbureter, means for directing the mixture from said carburetor to upon the intake stroke of the piston, and alperforated plug in the cap for permitting a small quantity-ofair to enter said air cap. lfiflI-n an internal combustion engine having1a substantially air tight crank casey-a castin cylin or opening at one 'end into said case, inlet and'outletports in its other end and an air passage at one side ofthe cylinder communicating at oneend with-said crank case; a hollow cap covering the outer end of the casting,=the interior of the cap communicating with-the outer end of said-passage; a valve for from said cylinder; a valve operating lever inside'said cap; a rod adapted to engage said lever; aspring arranged -to normally hold-the rod out of engaging position; and a cam lever adapted to positively engage said rod and cause it to depress the-lever and hold thevalve open in the cylinder.-

17. In an-internal combustion engine having a substantially air tight crank case; a casting connected with said case having a cylinder opening inlet and outlet'ports in its'other end and an air passage at one' side of the cylinder communicatingat one end with said crank case; a hollow cap covering the outer end of the castingg-th'e interior of the cap commueating withthe outer end of said passage; and a supporting base member for said casting having three bearing points upon the foundation upon which the base member is mounted, two bearing points being disposed at the'opposite corners of one end of the base member, and the third being disposed at the center of the opposite end of the base member. I

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I affix' my signature.

ERNEST 'T; GILLIARD.

controlling the exhaust to' prevent compression valve operating the inlet port of the engine connected WIth' Sflld case having a at one end into said case,

llO 

